Api
Api (IAST)Translation: "also"
From Mandukya Upanishad (Verse 1)
A Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Monier-Williams)
Sanskrit: अपि
Transliteration: Api
Translation: "expresses placing near or over, uniting to, annexing, reaching to, proximity; (As a separable adv.) and, also, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely"
"Api is often used to express emphasis in the sense of even, also, very; e.g. anyad api, also another, something more; adyāpi, this very day, even now; tathāpi, even thus, notwithstanding; yady api, even if, although, nevertheless; na kadācid api, never at any time: sometimes in the sense of but, only, at least, e.g. muhūrtam api, only a moment."
"Api may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, e.g. ko'pi, any one; kutrāpi, anywhere."
"Api imparts to numerals the notion of totality, e.g. caturṇām api varṇānām, of all the four castes."
"Api may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence."
"Api may strengthen the original force of the potential, or may soften the Imperative, like the English 'be pleased to;' sometimes it is a mere expletive.
"Api is often used to express emphasis in the sense of even, also, very; e.g. anyad api, also another, something more; adyāpi, this very day, even now; tathāpi, even thus, notwithstanding; yady api, even if, although, nevertheless; na kadācid api, never at any time: sometimes in the sense of but, only, at least, e.g. muhūrtam api, only a moment."
"Api may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, e.g. ko'pi, any one; kutrāpi, anywhere."
"Api imparts to numerals the notion of totality, e.g. caturṇām api varṇānām, of all the four castes."
"Api may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence."
"Api may strengthen the original force of the potential, or may soften the Imperative, like the English 'be pleased to;' sometimes it is a mere expletive.
Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads (Swami Sharvananda)
Sanskrit: अपि
Transliteration: Api
Translation: "also"
The Yoga-Sūtra of Patañjali (Chip Hartranft)
Sanskrit: अपि
Transliteration: Api
Translation: "also "
The Science of Yoga (I.K. Taimni)
Sanskrit: अपि
Transliteration: Api
Translation: "also; even"
References:
- Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Sharvananda, Swami (1920). Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads: With Sanskrit Text; Paraphrase with Word-For-Word Literal Translation, English, Rendering and Comments. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math
- Hartranft, Chip (2003). The Yoga-Sūtra of Patañjali: Sanskrit-English Translation & Glossary. Shambhala
- Taimni, I. K. (1975). The Science of Yoga: The Yoga-Sūtras of Patañjali in Sanskrit with Transliteration in Roman, Translation in English and Commentary: Theosophical Publishing House
